Isolation and phase-space energization analysis of the instabilities in collisionless shocks

We analyse the generation of kinetic instabilities and their effect on energization ions in non-relativistic, oblique collisionless shocks using a 3D-3V (three spatial with three velocity components) simulation by dHybridR , hybrid particle-in-cell code. At sufficiently high Mach number, quasi-perpendicular can experience rippling shock surface caused arising from free energy ion distribution due to combination incoming beam population reflected at front. To understand role ripple particle energization, we devise new instability isolation method identify unstable modes underlying interpret results terms governing instability. generate velocity-space signatures field–particle correlation technique look transfer phase space isolated driving ripple, providing viewpoint different dynamics distinct populations space. Together, our provide unique allow us completely characterize energetics under investigation.